Elizabeth, Mary, Cecily, Margaret, Anne, Katherine and Bridget. In June 1471, after Edward IV had crushed his foes and reclaimed his crown, young Edward was made prince of Wales. Within three months after the death (on April 9, 1483) of Edward IV, however, Gloucester had defeated Elizabeth’s party and seized the throne from Edward IV’s son and successor, the 12-year-old Edward V. It is not entirely clear why Elizabeth, who had taken sanctuary, surrendered her younger son (on June 16) and later her daughters to Richard III. Although several hypotheses have been suggested for the disappearance of the princes it is usually assumed that they were murdered and such act is widely attributed to Richard III. Elizabeth was married to Lancastrian knight and heir to Barony Ferrers of Groby Sir John Grey in 1452. Either way, it showed that Elizabeth had fallen pregnant quickly, a promising omen for a Queen. He was proclaimed King Richard III on June 26, 1483. Omissions? The unhappy queen Elizabeth Woodville and her daughters witnessed the proclamation of the usurper from the abbot's house in the abbey. Elizabeth’s position as Queen Consort greatly aided her relatives in gaining high offices and titles. He married Isabel Godard in 1379. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The dead queens coffin, draped in black velvet on an open car, was drawn to Westminster by six ⦠The wedlock that became a cause célèbre of those times made Edward IV the second monarch of England who married one of his subjects. The prospects for his continued rule had never seemed so likely, and Richard was a young man who might be expected to live many more years. Warwick then changed side to Lancastrians and restored Henry VI to the throne in 1470 while Edward IV went into exile. Her sister Catherine Woodville married Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, the 11 year old ward of King Edward IV, while three of her other sisters married sons of the earls of Essex, Pembroke and Kent. A ⦠The match was repugnant to the ruling nobility of the House of York because she was a daughter of the Lancastrians, the traditional enemies of the Yorkists, and because she was not of royal rank. Elizabeth Woodville is considered the first common-born Queen of England. Posted on February 9, 2016. by JuliaH. This led to fallout between the King and Warwick, who switched side to the Lancastrians. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Edward IV and Elizabeth’s son, Edward V, became the king for a brief period, but the ‘Titulus Regius’ issued in 1484 invalidated their marriage debarring their children to the throne. 41 Scheming Facts About Elizabeth Woodville, The Commoner Queen. As the wife of Edward IV of England, she was also a key power player in the War of the Roses. With the death of Edward IV on April 9, 1483 and ascension of her 12-year old son Edward V to the throne, Elizabeth became queen dowager while Edward IV’s brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester became the Lord Protector. 8. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_of_Woodville_-_illustration_by_Percy_Anderson_for_Costume_Fanciful,_Historical_and_Theatrical,_1906.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C3%89lisabeth_Woodville.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ElizabethWoodville.JPG, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth-royal-collection-c1500-10.jpg. English Queen Consort Elizabeth Woodville (c. 1437-1492) remains a controversial figure. Elizabeth and her first husband, Lord Grey, had two sons, Thomas and Richard. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Once he had taken it, he would marry Elizabeth of York, uniting ⦠Queen Elizabeth Woodville, wife to Edward IV and sister to Katherine Katherine married three times, first when still a child, somewhere in 1465, to Henry Stafford, ⦠The civil war became famous as the Battle of Bosworth Field. A woman of great beauty, she was already a widow with two sons when Edward IV married her in May 1464. The Kingâs mother, Cecily Neville, was like the original Evil Mother-In-Law and hated Elizabeth because she was 1) #TeamLancaster and 2) a commoner and 3) Cecily hadnât gotten to choose her sonâs wife. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-Woodville, Luminarium Encyclopedia - Biography of Elizabeth Wydville. Despite the fact ⦠Elizabeth Woodville was probably born at Grafton in rural Northamptonshire, England, about 1437, the eldest of the 12 children of Richard Woodville and Jacquetta de Luxembourg. The End of Elizabeth Woodville. Elizabeth Woodville was wife of King Edward IV and remained Queen consort of England starting 1464 till the demise of the King in 1483. Elizabeth Woodville was one of 13 children born to Richard Woodville (later named Baron Rivers) and Jacquetta of Luxembourg, widow of Henry V's brother John, Duke of Bedford. How did Elizabeth Woodville die? After being widowed and losing her lands, Elizabeth decides to appeal to the new Yorkist king, Edward IV, to help her. Daughter of King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville, Elizabeth of York was born in medieval England in the year 1466. (Photo by The Print Collector/Print Collector/Getty Images) They had fourteen children altogether. So, though the Woodville family certainly had connections Elizabeth was not considered nobility, a fact which would come to be quite significant later in her life. After Edward’s death, popular dislike of her and her court facilitated the usurpation of power by Richard Plantagenet, duke of Gloucester (King Richard III). The male Grey line became extinct in 1976 at the death of the tenth Earl of Stamford. Edward, however, was winning many friends (especially in London) by his comeliness and charm and was determined to assert his independence. The once influential Elizabeth however lost her pre-eminence to Henry VII’s mother, Lady Margaret Stanley (née Beaufort) and eventually retired from court. The great grandparents of Elizabeth Woodville. Meanwhile on November 2, 1470, Elizabeth gave birth to Edward in a Westminster Abbey sanctuary who later succeeded his father Edward IV to the throne as Edward V. As queen consort, she would involve in Christian pious acts which included founding St. Erasmus’ chapel in Westminster Abbey and making pilgrimages among others. When Elizabeth first met Edward, she was a widow. The title and honours of a queen dowager was granted to Elizabeth Woodville. Elizabeth was the first such consort to emerge as queen. The Woodville Family Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers and Jacquetta of Luxembourg . Elizabeth had seven daughters. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Henry VIIs queen lies buried beside him in Westminster Abbey in a magnificent marble tomb provided by their son, Henry VIII. March 29, 1461, witnessed the Battle of Towton during the English Wars of the Roses that resulted in the decisive victory of the Yorkists over the Lancastrians leading to the ascension of Edward, Duke of York as King Edward IV displacing King Henry VI. For Elizabeth Woodvilleâs remaining six children, things werenât so great in January and February 1484. The marriage of Henry Tudor and Elizabeth of York was not a love match. Elizabeth Woodville was the wife of King Edward IV of England.She was the mother of King Edward V of England.She was also the mother of Elizabeth of York, the queen consort of King Henry VII of England.. Elizabeth was born some time around the year 1437, at Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire. However, Lady Eleanor was deceased by 1483, and there is no independent or contemporary evidence from the 1460s to support the claim of betrothal, which was never adjudicated by a competent church court. 9. After Henry Tudor became king as Henry VII in 1485, he married Elizabeth’s eldest daughter; but in 1487 Elizabeth was disgraced—probably for treasonable activities—and forced to withdraw to a convent, where she died five years later. Warwick’ s relationship with Edward IV strained over the latter’s choice of marrying Elizabeth as also on foreign policy and it only worsened with time. Itâs not known how many pregnancies Elizabeth had in total, but she had at least seven children, though only four would survive infancy. Elizabeth Woodville was wife of King Edward IV and remained Queen consort of England starting 1464 till the demise of the King in 1483. Warwick devised plan to enthrone Edward IV’s younger brother and his son-in-law, George, Duke of Clarence, but it failed. In some retellings of their âloveâ story, Elizabeth puts a knife to her own ⦠On May 26, 1465, she was crowned the Queen. The 86-day reign of the uncrowned Edward V was dominated by the influence of Gloucester who in pursuit of restricting power of Woodvilles arrested Elizabeth’s son Richard Grey and brother Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers and later executed them. Spouse/Ex-: Sir John Grey (m. c. 1452–61; his death) Edward IV of England, father: Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, siblings: 3rd Earl Rivers, Anne Woodville, Anthony Woodville, Catherine Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham, Edward Woodville, Eleanor Woodville, Jacquetta Woodville, John Woodville, Lewis Woodwille, Lionel Woodville, Lord Scales, Margaret Woodville, Martha Woodville, Mary Woodville, Richard Woodville, children: 1st Duke of Bedford, 1st Marquess of Dorset, Anne of York, Bridget of York, Catherine of York, Cecily of York, Duke of York, Edward V, Elizabeth of York, George Plantagenet, Margaret of York, Mary of York, Richard Grey, Richard of Shrewsbury, Thomas Grey, place of death: Bermondsey, London, United Kingdom, See the events in life of Elizabeth Woodville in Chronological Order. Two major uprisings were undertaken against Richard III. Although the exact date of Elizabeth’s secret marriage with Edward IV is not known, it is conventionally regarded to have happened on May 1, 1964, in her Northamptonshire family house in the presence of her mother and two other ladies. Elizabeth Woodville bore Edward IV a total of 10 children, 7 of whom were girls and 3 of whom were boys. On May 1, 1464, he secretly married a young widow, Elizabeth Woodville , of no great rank, offending Warwick and other Yorkist nobles who were planning to marry him to a French princess. Woodville was mother to many royal children, including the romanticized âPrinces in the Tower.â Recent scholarship has re-examined her place in history, however, and cast her in a more favorable light. A priest from Oxford turned up in Dublin with a young lad in tow. Generation 4: Great Grandparents of Elizabeth Woodville . It was arranged by their mothers during their years of suffering under King Richard III. Elizabeth Woodville, or Wydeville, was the wife of King Edward IV of England. Paternal Side . When Elizabeth Woodville died in 1492, she was buried with little of the pomp and circumstance befitting a woman of her rank. But now the secret was out in the open, and so Elizabeth Woodville was crowned Queen of England on May 26, 1465. This great Lancastrian beauty was a widow with two children when she married Edward IV. Different scholars differ on the reason for such retreat with some believing that she was compelled to retreat in the convent by Henry VII while some others say that her religious inclinations led her to such move. King Edward IV is remembered by many for his role in the Wars of the Roses, the 30-year struggle between the Houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne, and for his relationship with Elizabeth Woodville. Together, they had seven children. The two sons of Edward IV, Edward V aged 12 years and Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York aged 9 years often referred as Princes in the Tower who were lodged by Gloucester in the Tower of London suddenly disappeared and were never seen after the summer of 1483. Henry VII then not only revoked the Titulus Regius but also destroyed all copies of the act found. The wife of King Edward IV, Woodville was cast in a negative light by many both during her time and throughout history. The secret marriage of her parents considered unequal socially with her father being a mere knight from a genteel family background and her mother a wealthy childless widow of John, Duke of Bedford, younger brother of King Henry V who ruled England till his death on August 31, 1422 , disparaged the court of England. Her son Thomas Grey from first marriage was married to Cecily Bonville, 7th Baroness Harington. John Wydeville, son of Richard Wydeville and Elizabeth Lyons was born in 1341. Edward IV had many mistresses, the best known of them being Jane Shore, and he did not have a reputation for fidelity. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/elizabeth-woodville-33620.php, Celebrities Who Are Not In The Limelight Anymore. On June 8, 1492 she died at Bermondsey Abbey and her funeral ceremony was held on June 12, 1492 at Windsor Castle. Elizabeth Woodville (Rebecca Ferguson) is crowned queen of England in the BBC telling of her story, The White Queen. The crown was bestowed to Richard III, brother of Edward IV. Elizabeth's younger brothers, the " Princes in the Tower ", mysteriously disappeared shortly after the death of her father, King Edward IV. Elizabeth of York had been raised with the expectation of becoming a queen. Elizabeth later played an instrumental role in the accession of Lancastrian Henry VII to the throne which marked he end of Yorkist rule. In any…, …King Edward IV and Queen Elizabeth (Woodville), Edward was born at Westminster Abbey while his father, momentarily deposed, was in exile in Holland. Their only children listed are the grandparents of Elizabeth Woodville. Her funeral was unremarkable and quick, lacking the typical ceremony accorded women of her rank, probably because of fear of contagion. She lay to rest in St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle in the same chantry as Edward IV. The match was repugnant to the ruling nobility of the House of York because she was a daughter of the Lancastrians, the traditional enemies of the Yorkists, and because she was not of royal rank. Elizabeth gave birth to seven children, four of whom lived into their teenage years: Arthur, Mary, Margaret and the future Henry VIII. Elizabeth and her daughters must perforce have been witnesses of his coronation, July 6, 1483. Elizabeth along with Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, KG joined hands with Lady Margaret Stanley (née Beaufort) who already began to promote her son Henry Tudor, a great-great-great-grandson of King Edward III and by that time the only surviving male having any lineal claim to the House of Lancaster as the credible replacement of Richard III as King of England. She had not recovered from giving birth the week before, perhaps prematurely, to her eighth child a little girl, who did not survive long. The ‘Titulus Regius’ act declared marriage of Edward IV and Elizabeth invalid and their children illegitimate thus barring them from throne. The boy was sent with his…. Elizabeth and Edward went on to have 10 children during their union. He died on September 8, 1403. What Did Elizabeth Woodville Know About The Princes In The Tower? Elizabeth Woodville had used her beauty to snare a king. The two ladies strengthened ties by deciding to marry off Elizabeth’s eldest daughter Elizabeth of York, the heiress of the House of York by that time following her brothers’ death, with Henry Tudor and on December 25, 1483 Henry took a pledge in the cathedral in Rennes, France to marry Elizabeth of York. …free to marry his queen, Elizabeth Wydeville; any children by Queen Elizabeth, therefore, were illegitimate. Only one of her seven daughters ended up with a crown of her own. There had been negotiations during Edward IVâs lifetime for a marriage between her and the Dauphin. Elizabeth Woodville was born sometime around 1437, presumably in October in Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire as first born child of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers and Jacquetta of Luxembourg. Elizabeth may have been somewhat of a schemer in her days as the Queen. Elizabeth Woodville died in 1492, likely from plague. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). On February 12, 1487 she retreated at the Bermondsey Abbey where she spent the last five years of her life. Updates? Richard Woodville, Elizabeth's father, had married Jacquetta, a member of the prestigious House of Luxembourg and the widow of John, Duke of Bedford, a younger brother of King Henry V. Although several marriages were proposed for Elizabeth, she ended up marrying one Sir John Grey, a moderately wealthy knight, in 1456. Elizabeth of York was the wife of Henry VII and the first queen consort of England of the Tudor dynasty. Edward married her just over three years after he had assumed the English throne in the wake of his overwhelming victory over the L⦠The Woodville party were arrested and the princes accommodated in the Tower of London. Elizabeth Woodville also had ten children by her last husband, Edward IV. Richard put forward his claim to the that the marriage of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville was invalid, therefore the princes were illegitimate and as such could not take the throne. Two more daughters named Mary and Cecily were born in 1467 and 1469. Gloucester was offered the throne who then replaced Edward V as King Richard III on June 26, 1483. A woman of great beauty, she was already a widow with two sons when Edward IV married her in May 1464. Elizabeth's mother Jacquetta was the daughter of a Count and a descendant of Simon de Montfort and his wife Eleanor, the daughter of England's King John . Because Elizabeth bore Edward two surviving sons and five daughters, the Yorkist succession seemed secure. This great Lancastrian beauty was a widow with two children when she married Edward IV. In the 1400s Britain was embroiled in a civil war known as the Cousins War, or the Wars of the Roses. Most people remember the Kings and the many battles⦠but behind the scenes Elizabeth Woodville was always there, pulling strings to keep her children from harm and to bring them to greatness. It was the last significant battle of the ‘Wars of the Roses’ that not only saw overthrow of the House of York with killing of Richard III in the battle but also rise of Tudor Dynasty with Henry Tudor being crowned as first English monarch of the dynasty as Henry VII of England. Her penchant for procuring high offices and titles of nobility for her relatives increased her widespread unpopularity. Corrections? After Edward’s death popular dislike of her and her court facilitated the usurpation of power by Richard, duke of Gloucester (King Richard III). They would have only one child, Elizabeth, who was described as 16 in 1492, placing the year of her birth in 1476. She would not have hesitated to tell her daughter to charm Richard in order to gain a throne. I Like the Cut of Your Jib. âA Faithful Loveâ Pregnancies aside, Henry and Elizabeth seem to have had an affectionate relationship. Elizabeth was beautiful, but selfish and calculating, demanding favors, grand marriages, and titles for her family members. The face of her effigy may have been based on her death mask, taken when she died on her thirty-seventh birthday in the royal apartments in the Tower of London. Elizabeth married Henry after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, which marked the end of the Wars of the Roses. Only the bride's mother and two ladies were in attendance. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Elizabeth Woodville, (born 1437—died June 7/8, 1492, London), wife of King Edward IV of England. Edward IV’s choice of marrying Elizabeth was however not taken well by the Privy Council and particularly by his cousin Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick whose support played an instrumental role in initial years of the former’s reign. Even though Elizabeth is a widow, a commoner and belongs to a family originally loyal to Lancaster, Edward decides to marry her, feeling that he cannot live without her and vic⦠Moreover her propensity in gaining high offices and titles for her relatives and their subsequent advancements met with hostility, particularly from Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick. Elizabeth meanwhile sought sanctuary with her daughters and younger son while Edward V was transferred to the Tower of London. He died in 1461 fighting at the Second Battle of St Albans. Richard then made his state visit to the Tower and city. Although her parents were fined £1000, it was later remitted and on May 9, 1448, her father was created Baron Rivers by King Henry VI. Secret marriage of Edward IV to a Lancastrian as also a commoner came as an embarrassment to Warwick who was meanwhile trying to negotiate an alliance with France to prevent such move by wife of Henry VI, Margaret of Anjou, by planning Edward IV’s marriage with a French princess. Of the 10 children of Elizabeth Woodville and Edward IV, only five reached adulthood, the others falling victim to illness, or disappearing inside the Tower of London, as was the case with the two elder boys, Edward V and his brother Richard. Soon both sons disappeared from Richard’s custody, presumably murdered. It has been reported that she helped to marry her 20-year-old brother to the widow Katherine Neville, who was already 80 years old at the time. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Henry VIIâs year didnât get off to a good start in 1487. Margaret Beaufort and Elizabeth Woodville, one woman under house arrest and one in sanctuary, agreed that Henry Tudor should move to claim the throne from Richard III. His marriage to the widowed Elizabeth Woodville took place secretly and, though the date is not known, it is traditionally said to have taken place at her family home in Northamptonshireon 1 May 1464. Her Lancastrian background sans any royal rank made her marriage with Edward IV unpopular among ruling Yorkist nobility. She bore 10 children, 2 sons and 5 daughters survived to adulthood. The most scandalised marriage of all was of her twenty years old brother John with sexagenarian three-time widow Katherine, Duchess of Norfolk. She had two sons from her first marriage with Sir John Grey and three sons including Edward V and seven daughters with King Edward IV of England. Edward agrees to assist her in getting her lands back, but the pair are also strongly attracted to each other upon sight and eventually fall in love. Then Lord Grey was killed in battle, fighting on the opposite side to King Edward. Although the first one under Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham failed, the one under Henry Tudor and his uncle Jasper Tudor that took place on August 22, 1485 saw a decisive victory of the Lancastrians over the Yorkists. However such feat remained short-lived as Edward IV defeated Warwick at the Battle of Barnet on April 14, 1471 where the latter was killed and then defeated the Lancastrians at the Battle of Tewkesbury on May 4, that year to regain his throne. An ardent Yorkist William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings KG who remained a close friend and significant courtier of late King Edward IV and who initially backed actions of Gloucester was summarily executed by Gloucester on June 13, 1483, with accusations of treason planned with Elizabeth. On 11 February 1466, Elizabeth gave birth to a daughter also named Elizabeth. Her sons Edward (V) and Richard disappeared in 1483, probably assassinated by their uncle, Richard III.
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